img

Cannabis sativa

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Cannabaceae Genus: Cannabis

dope, ganja, grass, hemp, marijuana, paka lōlō, pakalōlō [pakalolo], pot, reefer, weed

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout annual herbs 1–3 m tall. pubescent with nonglandular and multicellular glandular hairs containing aromatic and psychotropic compounds.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (palmate). Opposite. Leaflets (1–)3–7(–11), narrowly lanceolate to linear 5–15 cm long, 0.3–1.5 cm wide. Lower surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaflet margins serrate. Petiolate. Stipules present, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers in staminate flowers in leafy panicles; pistillate flowers in small, leafy clusters, each flower surrounded by a solitary bract, apex abruptly acuminate. in axillary, cymose inflorescences in the usually reduced upper leaves, staminate inflorescences many–flowered and relatively open, pistillate ones few–flowered and compact. Flowers unisexual (and the plants dioecious or sometimes monoecious), small and inconspicuous, green. Calyx of staminate flowers with 5 sepals ca. 4–5 mm long. oblong, imbricate. Calyx of pistillate flowers scarcely lobed. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens in staminate flower 5; anthers subsessile, staminate flowers Stamens 5, opposite the sepals; anthers dithecal, pistillate flowers Stamens absent. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 2-carpellate, 1-celled; placentation subapical; ovule 1, anatropous; stigmas 2, cylindrical. Staminate flowers ovary absent.

Fruit: Achenes pale yellow to brown; smooth; shiny; 4–5 mm long; the fruiting bract up to ca. 8 mm long. fruit a scarcely compressed; lenticular achene enclosed by an accrescent bract. Seeds with sparse; fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 80

Habitat: Cultivated.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

img

Synonyms (35)

Cannabis americana Pharm. ex Wehmer (1911)
Cannabis chinensis Delile (1849)
Cannabis erratica Siev. (1796)
Cannabis foetens Gilib. (1792)
Cannabis generalis E.H.L.Krause (1905)
Cannabis gigantea Crevost (1917)
Cannabis indica Lam. (1785)
Cannabis indica f. afghanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis indica var. afghanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis indica var. kafiristanica Vavilov (1929)
Cannabis intersita Soják (1960)
Cannabis kafiristanica (Vavilov) Chrtek (1981)
Cannabis lupulus Scop. (1771)
Cannabis macrosperma Stokes (1812)
Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. (1924)
Cannabis sativa f. afghanica Vavilov (1926)
Cannabis sativa f. vulgaris (Alef.) Voss (1895)
Cannabis sativa subsp. culta Serebr. (1940)
Cannabis sativa subsp. indica (Lam.) E.Small & Cronquist (1976)
Cannabis sativa subsp. intersita (Soják) Soják (1980)
Cannabis sativa subvar. indica (Lam.) Asch. & Graebn. (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. afghanica (Vavilov) McPartl. & E.Small (2020)
Cannabis sativa var. chinensis (Delile) A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. gigantea (Delile ex Vilm.) Alef. (1866)
Cannabis sativa var. indica (Lam.) Wehmer (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. kafiristanica (Vavilov) E.Small & Cronquist (1976)
Cannabis sativa var. kif A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. macrosperma (Stokes) Asch. & Graebn. (1911)
Cannabis sativa var. monoica Holuby (1873)
Cannabis sativa var. pedemontana A.DC. (1869)
Cannabis sativa var. praecox Serebr. (1928)
Cannabis sativa var. ruderalis Janisch. (1924)
Cannabis sativa var. spontanea Vavilov (1922)
Cannabis sativa var. vulgaris Alef. (1866)
Polygonum viridiflorum Poir. (1804)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Only found in cultivation

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Unknown
Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Molokai Unknown
Lana'i Unknown
Kaho'olawe Unknown
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Notes

  • Although not known to be naturahzed in Hawai'i, Cannobis is included because it is encountered in cultivation so frequently in native habitats.
  • Description digitized by Mercedez
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 1027 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:490 (Ni?, K?, O?, Mo?, L?, M?, Ka?, H? [widely cult., but no nat. spms.], DESCR); Staples & Herbst 2005:219 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cannabis sativa Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 1/4 mi SE of Keauhou Rd, Kipuka Ki In open to closed Acacia koa forest, heavily disturbed understory consisting of Solanum pseudocapsicum, Pennisetum clandestinum, & Microlaena stipoides Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9825 Hawaii BISH 1982-09-22
2 Cannabis sativa Koloa District. Lawai, Kauai Hemp Company, 4445-C Koloa Road. Cultivated crop. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 9261 Kauai BISH 2021-09-17
3 Cannabis sativa In Olaa Forest Reserve, Puna District near the Kilauea Forest boundary Growing in a clearing within the scattered Metrosideros - Cheirodendron forest with a closed Cibotium understory. Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 525 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-22
4 Cannabis sativa Kipapa Gulch Preserved_Specimen Honolulu Police Department Oahu BISH 1980-01-01
5 Cannabis sativa Olaa tract, small section Kau side of Wright Rd Growing in cleared area Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9720 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-07
6 Cannabis sativa Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Clay, H.F. Hawaii BISH 1984-05-18
7 Cannabis sativa Pauoa Preserved_Specimen Bangs, A.M. Oahu BISH 1937-11-11
8 Cannabis sativa Puna Preserved_Specimen Forest Farmer Hawaii BISH 1981-11-01
9 Cannabis sativa Koloa District. Lawai, Kauai Hemp Company, 4445-C Koloa Road. Cultivated crop. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 9224 Kauai BISH 2021-08-30
Back to Top